CW abbreviation · Connectors
ES in Morse code
CW shorthand for 'and', from the Morse character for the ampersand (·-···).
Morse rendering
. ...
Sent letter-by-letter with standard inter-letter gaps.
What it saves you on the air
This is the whole reason CW abbreviations exist. Sending ES instead of spelling out “And” cuts 61% of the airtime — 14 dot-units of keying saved every time you send it.
| Speed | ES | “And” | Saved |
|---|---|---|---|
| 13 WPM | 0.8s | 2.1s | 1.3s |
| 20 WPM | 0.5s | 1.4s | 0.8s |
| 25 WPM | 0.4s | 1.1s | 0.7s |
Timed with standard spacing: dit 1 unit, dah 3, letter gap 3, word gap 7. Work out any other speed on the timing calculator.
Meaning
ES — And
When this is used
Used wherever you'd write 'and' on paper. The single character & is sent as a 5-element prosign, so 'ES' (two characters) is actually less keying.
Examples
| On the air | Plain English |
|---|---|
| 73 ES 88 | Best regards and love. |
| ANT G5RV ES VERT | Antennas: G5RV and a vertical. |
| GUD COPY ES TNX | Good copy and thanks. |
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