CW reference • ITU-R M.1677-1
Morse code prosigns
Prosigns (procedural signals) are two characters sent without the inter-letter gap, forming a single sound shape that means a control or punctuation event in CW operation. Tap any row for the full page.
How to send a prosign
A prosign is sent as one continuous string of dits and dahs. For example, SK is … - · - sent as one shape, not as "S" then "K" with a gap. In typed Morse it is conventionally written with an overbar (SK̅) or simply as the joined letters.
Reference table
| Prosign | Code | Meaning | More |
|---|---|---|---|
| AA | .-.- | New line / line break | Detail → |
| AR | .-.-. | End of message (+) | Detail → |
| AS | .-... | Wait / standby | Detail → |
| BK | -...-.- | Break | Detail → |
| BT | -...- | New paragraph (=) | Detail → |
| CL | -.-..-.. | Going off the air | Detail → |
| CT | -.-.- | Start of transmission (KA) | Detail → |
| HH | ........ | Error / disregard | Detail → |
| KN | -.--. | Go ahead, named station only | Detail → |
| K | -.- | Go ahead (any station) | Detail → |
| R | .-. | Received / roger | Detail → |
| SK | ...-.- | End of contact | Detail → |
| SN | ...-. | Understood (VE) | Detail → |
| SOS | ...---... | International distress | Detail → |
Related references
Combine prosigns with the CW abbreviations and Q-codes to write efficient on-air messages. Practice by typing a sample message in the translator and listening with audio playback.